Task one

Dropout rate in four schools

Rural	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
Male	6	7	8	14	11	7
Female	10	9	8	12	7	7
Urban
Male	2	3	6	4	2	1
Female	6	7	8	7	6	2

Figures are in percentage

This table is a percentage-wise breakdown of male and female children, of rural and urban schools, who dropped their studies during six years starting from 1991.

To begin with rural males, there was a regular upward spiral in the first three years. It was 6,7,8 respectively, and it recorded the all time high rate,14, in 1994.  But the final two years saw a declining pattern, from 14 to 11 and then to seven. However, the figures of their urban counterparts show contrasts. The rate was two times less in 1991 and 1992, but it was six in 1993. However, the downward spiral followed dropped it to two percent in 1996.

Moving on to urban females, the figures were higher in rural than in urban. But over the years, say in the 1991-93 stretch, there was constant decline from 10 to eight, but it went up by four percent in 1994. Interestingly, the final two years kept the figures in tact, seven. The corresponding figures for the urban schools showed a rise from six to eight, in1991-93 period, but it fell down to two in 1996.

That is the end of the report.

180 words: model by jaypee

Processing in exam point of view

Vocabulary	Compare/contrast	Cohesion/coherence	Task meeting
Upward spiral Went up by 4 percent Showed a rise Fell down to Dropped Constant decline	All time high rate Declining pattern Shows contrasts Two times less than Downwards spiral Higher in rural than	To begin with But the final two years However, However, Moving on to Interestingly	One eighty words Three distinct paragraphs, A closure line, touched almost all major points of the data.

Task one

Dropout rate in four schools

Rural	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
Male	6	7	8	14	11	7
Female	10	9	8	12	7	7
Urban
Male	2	3	6	4	2	1
Female	6	7	8	7	6	2

Figures are in percentage

This table is a percentage-wise breakdown of male and female children, of rural and urban schools, who dropped their studies during six years starting from 1991.

To begin with rural males, there was a regular upward spiral in the first three years. It was 6,7,8 respectively, and it recorded the all time high rate,14, in 1994.  But the final two years saw a declining pattern, from 14 to 11 and then to seven. However, the figures of their urban counterparts show contrasts. The rate was two times less in 1991 and 1992, but it was six in 1993. However, the downward spiral followed dropped it to two percent in 1996.

Moving on to urban females, the figures were higher in rural than in urban. But over the years, say in the 1991-93 stretch, there was constant decline from 10 to eight, but it went up by four percent in 1994. Interestingly, the final two years kept the figures in tact, seven. The corresponding figures for the urban schools showed a rise from six to eight, in1991-93 period, but it fell down to two in 1996.

That is the end of the report.

180 words: model by jaypee

Processing in exam point of view

Vocabulary	Compare/contrast	Cohesion/coherence	Task meeting
Upward spiral Went up by 4 percent Showed a rise Fell down to Dropped Constant decline	All time high rate Declining pattern Shows contrasts Two times less than Downwards spiral Higher in rural than	To begin with But the final two years However, However, Moving on to Interestingly	One eighty words Three distinct paragraphs, A closure line, touched almost all major points of the data.

Reading the modus operandi

1. Question types          number of questions             question split
2. Read the questions to internalize not just to understand
3. Identifying the real test and the corresponding text
4. Size of paragraphs and their potential to have questions
5. Identifying where to read and what to read for
6. Sign posting paragraphs: write the idea in the margin
7. Pull out years, events, names/nouns and jot them down outside
8. Be careful about pithy sentences that begin or end a paragraph.
9. Italics, hyphenation, quoting double or single are indicative.
10.  Be aware of typography. White every answer neatly and seriously.

 Please be conscious of these pairs when you go on reading

• Synonyms                              antonyms
• Negatives                               Positives
• Negatives                               Double negatives
• Active                                     passive
• Different text tense                different test tense
• Subordinates                         Mains
• Mains                                      Subordinates
• Singulars                                plurals
• Many                                       All
• All                                            Most of
• Prior to                                   until
• Until                                         Before
• It is believed that                   It is (absolute)
• Sold                                        bought
• Gave                                       was given
• Neither                                    either
• No way it is                            Neither is it
• However                                 Nonetheless
• Still                                          But
• Yet                                           Notwithstanding
• Besides                                  In addition
• By and large                          Generally
• Same                                      More or less same
• Smallest question                 Longest question
• A strange word                      A word that hasn’t appreared
• Capital letters                        Apostrophe
• Articles                                   Nouns/with adjectives
• For                                          Since
• Reading in between              Reading the main sentence
• Conditionals                          Main ideas
• Similar ones                          Meaningless ones
• Eliminating                             reducing       

Speaking Cue card: a model answer

Something that you would like to change in your life
What that is
When and how
What difference it will make

Well, sir, there are a few things in my life
That I personally feel like changing.

The thing I would like to change is my
poor time management skill.
Actually this problem gives me difficulties
In my personal and professional life.

Most of the time, I feel that I don’t have enough time
To do my things.  At the same time
I am very much aware that I too have
24 hours like all others do.
So the problem is not with lack of time
But it is poor management of the same.

I wish like to change my attitude to time management
Say, before I fly over to some distant locations.
I know I can do with this habit here,
But In a foreign location, I am sure,
one cannot do without
Proper time management skills

Of course, such a change will make great improvements
in my life, both professional and personal.
More over, I can have great control over things
If I am able to manage my time.

So I would like to change it as fast I can.
But I am very much aware that habits die hard
If there is a will there is a way, I believe so.
So this is what I would like to change in my life.

210 words
visit: www.jpsukham.blogspot.com

The Net and how it works in and around us.

1.         The Internet as an information super highway carries contents that are not   equally acceptable and the same way objectionable for people who belong to diverse cultures across the world.

Look at the ins and outs of censuring the internet content nationally?

2.         The information overdrive people enjoy these days by way of the Net is an opportunity in several different ways, but there is enough room for worry too.

How good or bad is this knowledge explosion leading to information overdrive?

3.         Today ‘knowing’ of anything is becoming much easier than it was ever.

How is this seamless access to knowledge adding on to human life in general?

Ajaypeesdoc.2.10.12. www.jpsukham.blospot.com

4.         If knowledge is power, today people across the world should have been much more powerful that they were every before. But not all are so powerful as they should be.

What reasons do you attribute to this state of affairs?

What all ways can you, as an educated individual, suggest to offset this issue?

5.         There was a time when many nations took pride in their being powerful by way of natural, geographic and military attributes, but of late, it is knowledge that makes many nations powerful.

How well-founded is this view in your opinion?

How does knowledge make nations powerful? 

6.         Staying away from knowledge/s – regardless their categories - is rather difficult today, no matter how educated or not so educated one is.  

How does this knowledge influx happen?

How good or bad is it in your view?

Ajaypeesdoc.02.10.12. www.jpsukham.blospot.com

There is a view that doctors, medical scientists and diagnostic experts who are in the life saving streams of medical sector should be allowed to continue in their service as long as they are able to continue.

• How far do you agree or disagree with this view?

Should some professionals be given extension on retirement age depending on the nature of their service to the community? Though opinions differ, I for one am of the opinion that some professionals in the medical fraternity may be allowed to continue as long as they can.

My primary argument favouring this idea is that brilliant doctors and scientists, who are in the best of their service, are forced to move out of their regular career thanks to uniform retirement age limit. If these professionals are allowed to be in harness, it would be a blessing for the whole humanity. Secondly, thanks to the developments in medical science itself, people there days are healthy even in their late 60s and 70s, especially medical professionals in their life saving area. They need to be exploited for the well being of whole humanity.

However, there should be an excellent screening mechanism to ensure that only the reserving professionals stay back. This may be on the basis of how crucial their medical fields are, the seriousness of research and diagnosis they do and their health status, to mention a few. If this is not taken care of, this provision may backfire when all and sundry may manage themselves to be in service for ages. This would do more harm than good by depriving the young medical professionals of their due right to serve the community.

The above findings make me conclude that it is a good idea to support the view that life saving professionals need to remain in service even after their due retirement age. However, the parameters that govern such a system must be foolproof by all means.

270 words

Ajaypeesdoc

Task II

There is a view that doctors, medical scientists and diagnostic experts who are in the life saving streams of medical sector should be allowed to continue in their service as long as they are able to continue.

• How far do you agree or disagree with this view?

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

Underground Railways Systems

City	Year of opening	Kilometres of route	Passengers per year (in  millions)
London	1863	394	775
Paris	1900	199	1191
Tokyo	1927	155	1927
Washington DC	1976	126	144
Kyoto	1981	11	45
Los Angeles	2001	28	50

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK. 
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given.
You should write at least 150 words.

There is no doubt about the fact that every child is inherently a good and unpredictably resourceful child. Therefore, it is argued that punishing children in any way for their misconduct is a crime.

Essay 027

• How far can you endorse this statement?

There is only one opinion on the fact that all children are basically promising, and it is quiet common that children show misconduct. However, punishing defenseless children sounds cruel to me, and I find it right to fully support the view expressed.

Let me prove that it is crime to punish children. Firstly, punishment basically demoralizes anyone. This is more so when it comes to children. A morally degraded child of any age may find his or her life miserable. Secondly, punishment serves no purpose whatsoever. Rather it destroys the punished in all ways. For example, it inflicts physical pain, disturbs the sentiments, annoys self and, above all, it keeps children undermined in front of peers. Needless to say, the effects of corporal punishment last a lifetime.

However, there are people who advocate caning as a means of correcting wrong children. I cannot endorse their view because there is no child that is wrong. But children get wronged by circumstances. They are mere tools in the milieu they belong to. Basically, they are unable to distinguish between what is right and wrong. We all know that to err is quiet human, and it is absolutely so when erring is of a boy or a girl. Here what matters most is not how to rectify them, rather it is how to find out why they do wrongs. In that process, caning does not do any good.

To concluding it, I would say punishing children is humiliating and is not only a crime against children themselves; it is a crime against humanity. Punishments make emotional broken downs, and it may become counter productive, too.

270 words

Ajaypeesdoc

Aged population is taken by some as a great asset to the younger generation whereas there are some who feel that rising old age population is a social liability.

Essay 011

• Which view do you support and state why?

            Prove your points with examples taken from your surroundings.

Human life span is on the rise thanks to better living conditions and medical innovations. This development is taken differently by different people. However, in my view longer-living people are a great source of wealth of varying dimensions. 

My first argument supporting this view is that older population has great wealth of knowledge garnered from scores of years’ experience, and this knowledge and expertise cannot be calculated in terms of money. The same way, experts who are healthy enough to continue in some services can be made use of for the betterment of any community. Openings like advisors, resource persons, consultants and the like are worth filled in by senior citizens. It is unfortunate to look at such professionals as a liability.

Let me substantiate my view with a few examples. An aged farmer may not be able to contribute much to farming sector by way of hard work. But he or she is a store-house of farming lessons gathered out of hand on experience, and such knowledge will be great service to modern farming sector. The same way let’s take the case of an academic who is healthy and has some 25 or 30 years’ teaching experience. Is it fair to leave him or her saying that ‘you are so old that you cannot help a society?’ Such a person would do much more to education than any youngster could.

So, to conclude, I think it is the duty of the healthy ones to make use of those ones who have become old and, some times, unhealthy by contributing to society. Calling them a liability is no sign of civilization. Worldly wisdom is a virtue.

275 words

Ajaypeesdoc

Questions

1.

Today, it is very difficult for employees to achieve career satisfaction on a regular basis. This situation puts both the employees and employers at a disadvantage.

• Why is achieving regular career satisfaction difficult for many?
• How hard is the position of employers in general?  

2.

Allocation for healthcare infrastructure is fairly on the rise in many countries. This fact notwithstanding, there is alarming increase in health-related concerns.

• What could be the case behind this disparity?
• Suggest your own ways to tackle this issue.

3.

Aged people constitute a sizeable share of the population around the world. This is a concern for some whereas for some others it is an opportunity.

• Try to see the problems and possibilities of increasing aged population.

4.

Today, private sector employment providers expect excellent employability quotient from fresh recruits. This requirement is both an opportunity and a problem for job seekers.

• Discuss it.

Ajaypeesdoc.5.9.12