The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.

       You should write at least 150 words.

       You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Task II

It is increasingly felt that women in poor nations dominate almost all higher education disciplines. Some say this is a good sign, while some others say it is not that encouraging.

Ajaypeesdoc.17.10.12

• How do you see this development?         
• Is it that men move away from higher education streams?

The chart shows the percentage of total population aged 65 and over in the U.S. between 1900 and 2000. In the year 1900 just over 4% of the population was aged over 65. However, by 1960 this figure had doubled.

The number of people aged between 75 and 84 remained fairly steady between 1900 and 1930, making up only 1-1.3% of the population. The figure began to rise more significantly in 1940 and by 1970 it had tripled to reach 3% of the population.

Although there was no change in the number of people aged 65 -74 between 1960 and 1970, the number of people aged 75 and over increased during this time. By the year 2000, 12.4% of the US population had reached the age of 65 or more, although this was slightly lower than in 1990 when it peaked at 12.6%.

The chart shows that today people in the U.S. can expect to live longer than in 1900. By the year 2000 more than 12% of the population had managed to live to the age of 65 and over compared to only 4.1% in 1900.

(187 words)

Working arrangements

It is a good idea to let new generation younger employees (fresh hires) work in their own groups, but it is not bad either if they work with the older segment of the workforce.

• How will these two working arrangements help the employees’ morale?
• Which arrangement sounds better for you; and you may state why? 

Since members of the older segment of the workforce -- especially those who are going to retire sooner -- hold much greater potential in terms of experience and service insight, it is a good idea to mobilize them back among the beginners.

• Do you think the advantages of such a working arrangement can outweigh the disadvantages?

Ajaypeesdoc. 10.10.12. 5am

Some organizations prefer to find new generation employees mingle with the older segment of the workforce, but some organizations do not encourage it.

• What could be the rationale behind these two approaches?

Task II

Some employers encourage their employees to take refresher programmes in between.  Some employees are happy with this HR exercise, whereas there are some others who shun this.

Try to see why employees look at refresher programmes differently?

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the percentage of total US population aged 65 and over between 1900 and 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words. This is a downloaded material. itis not mine.

1.

Youngsters these days get educated in disciplines that are exclusively meant for white collar jobs.

• What in your opinion is the drive behind this shift?
• Do you think it is a welcome development?

2.

Outflow of productive human resource is happening across the world. This, in some people’s opinion, is a blessing but for others it is not that encouraging.

How good or bad is this development in your point of view?

3.

Man has always been moving out to greener pastures down the ages, and it is great development that this movement has become huge and fast.

Comment on it.

4.

In many developing countries, it is common that more productive segment of the population moves out to newer environments, a greater part of it remains stay-put.

This is likely to generate more problems than prospects. What do you say?

KITS’ IELTS tip/s of the day

FOLLOW YOUR FEEDBACK IN THE FOLLOWING WEEK

• There is no pass or fail in IELTS. It is all about rating our of 9 band score.
• That is, your English is either excellent or better or very good or good or not so good or poor or very poor or whatever. So do something everyday to make your current English language skills get upgraded to an upper level, say from 4.5 to 5 or 5.5 to 6 or 6.5 to 7 or above.
• You may get your current English tested and rated your tutors. That is where you are going to build your English on.
• Imagine that your English skills stand rated at 5 bands this week. The best thing you can do for yourself is to demand for a test after attending two weeks’ classes or completing full 10 working days or 50 hours of regular class and check whether your skills have gone a notch up at least, say 5.5.
• If it hasn’t, there is something fundamentally wrong: either in the way you take up the lessons or in the way lessons are given. Go for an examination: an introspection, we mean, on the following grounds:
1. Was my English the same when I came here?
2. Is my English not improving, ANY BETTER?  
3. Have I (not)  been following the instructions?
4. What am I(not)  expected to do to make it better?
5. Is it my approach that is doing me harms?
6. Are other learners facing the same problem as I do?

• These questions, if answered scientifically, will make you understand one that it is important to rate your language on a daily basis. All weekends need to give you a feedback on your skills. Follow the feedback in the following week. It will take you to a newer plane of English language. 

Jaypee's  IELTS tip/s of the day

LEARN ENGLISH IN ENGLISH 

1. What isn’t IELTS not? It isn’t an examination that tests your knowledge by means of a language; rather it is an evaluation exercise that tests your language proficiency by means of your knowledge: knowledge on something.
2. Therefore, our learners are requested to take every class as an opportunity to check how their current English language knowledge helps them express themselves in terms of speaking, listening, reading and writing.
3. One of the problems non-native English Language learners face is that they find their native language interfere in their thought or communication process.
4. This could very well be managed simply by trying what we call UNLERNING. This is as simply as understanding the fact that your mother tongue is one language and the Language you are trying to lean, English, is another language. We repeat, it is just another language.
5. So, no two languages work the same way or identically. Never ever it happens. Try to learn English in ENGLISH.  

Task one

Dropout rate in four schools

Rural	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
Male	6	7	8	14	11	7
Female	10	9	8	12	7	7
Urban
Male	2	3	6	4	2	1
Female	6	7	8	7	6	2

Figures are in percentage

This table is a percentage-wise breakdown of male and female children, of rural and urban schools, who dropped their studies during six years starting from 1991.

To begin with rural males, there was a regular upward spiral in the first three years. It was 6,7,8 respectively, and it recorded the all time high rate,14, in 1994.  But the final two years saw a declining pattern, from 14 to 11 and then to seven. However, the figures of their urban counterparts show contrasts. The rate was two times less in 1991 and 1992, but it was six in 1993. However, the downward spiral followed dropped it to two percent in 1996.

Moving on to urban females, the figures were higher in rural than in urban. But over the years, say in the 1991-93 stretch, there was constant decline from 10 to eight, but it went up by four percent in 1994. Interestingly, the final two years kept the figures in tact, seven. The corresponding figures for the urban schools showed a rise from six to eight, in1991-93 period, but it fell down to two in 1996.

That is the end of the report.

180 words: model by jaypee

Processing in exam point of view

Vocabulary	Compare/contrast	Cohesion/coherence	Task meeting
Upward spiral Went up by 4 percent Showed a rise Fell down to Dropped Constant decline	All time high rate Declining pattern Shows contrasts Two times less than Downwards spiral Higher in rural than	To begin with But the final two years However, However, Moving on to Interestingly	One eighty words Three distinct paragraphs, A closure line, touched almost all major points of the data.

Task one

Dropout rate in four schools

Rural	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
Male	6	7	8	14	11	7
Female	10	9	8	12	7	7
Urban
Male	2	3	6	4	2	1
Female	6	7	8	7	6	2

Figures are in percentage

This table is a percentage-wise breakdown of male and female children, of rural and urban schools, who dropped their studies during six years starting from 1991.

To begin with rural males, there was a regular upward spiral in the first three years. It was 6,7,8 respectively, and it recorded the all time high rate,14, in 1994.  But the final two years saw a declining pattern, from 14 to 11 and then to seven. However, the figures of their urban counterparts show contrasts. The rate was two times less in 1991 and 1992, but it was six in 1993. However, the downward spiral followed dropped it to two percent in 1996.

Moving on to urban females, the figures were higher in rural than in urban. But over the years, say in the 1991-93 stretch, there was constant decline from 10 to eight, but it went up by four percent in 1994. Interestingly, the final two years kept the figures in tact, seven. The corresponding figures for the urban schools showed a rise from six to eight, in1991-93 period, but it fell down to two in 1996.

That is the end of the report.

180 words: model by jaypee

Processing in exam point of view

Vocabulary	Compare/contrast	Cohesion/coherence	Task meeting
Upward spiral Went up by 4 percent Showed a rise Fell down to Dropped Constant decline	All time high rate Declining pattern Shows contrasts Two times less than Downwards spiral Higher in rural than	To begin with But the final two years However, However, Moving on to Interestingly	One eighty words Three distinct paragraphs, A closure line, touched almost all major points of the data.

Reading the modus operandi

1. Question types          number of questions             question split
2. Read the questions to internalize not just to understand
3. Identifying the real test and the corresponding text
4. Size of paragraphs and their potential to have questions
5. Identifying where to read and what to read for
6. Sign posting paragraphs: write the idea in the margin
7. Pull out years, events, names/nouns and jot them down outside
8. Be careful about pithy sentences that begin or end a paragraph.
9. Italics, hyphenation, quoting double or single are indicative.
10.  Be aware of typography. White every answer neatly and seriously.

 Please be conscious of these pairs when you go on reading

• Synonyms                              antonyms
• Negatives                               Positives
• Negatives                               Double negatives
• Active                                     passive
• Different text tense                different test tense
• Subordinates                         Mains
• Mains                                      Subordinates
• Singulars                                plurals
• Many                                       All
• All                                            Most of
• Prior to                                   until
• Until                                         Before
• It is believed that                   It is (absolute)
• Sold                                        bought
• Gave                                       was given
• Neither                                    either
• No way it is                            Neither is it
• However                                 Nonetheless
• Still                                          But
• Yet                                           Notwithstanding
• Besides                                  In addition
• By and large                          Generally
• Same                                      More or less same
• Smallest question                 Longest question
• A strange word                      A word that hasn’t appreared
• Capital letters                        Apostrophe
• Articles                                   Nouns/with adjectives
• For                                          Since
• Reading in between              Reading the main sentence
• Conditionals                          Main ideas
• Similar ones                          Meaningless ones
• Eliminating                             reducing       

Speaking Cue card: a model answer

Something that you would like to change in your life
What that is
When and how
What difference it will make

Well, sir, there are a few things in my life
That I personally feel like changing.

The thing I would like to change is my
poor time management skill.
Actually this problem gives me difficulties
In my personal and professional life.

Most of the time, I feel that I don’t have enough time
To do my things.  At the same time
I am very much aware that I too have
24 hours like all others do.
So the problem is not with lack of time
But it is poor management of the same.

I wish like to change my attitude to time management
Say, before I fly over to some distant locations.
I know I can do with this habit here,
But In a foreign location, I am sure,
one cannot do without
Proper time management skills

Of course, such a change will make great improvements
in my life, both professional and personal.
More over, I can have great control over things
If I am able to manage my time.

So I would like to change it as fast I can.
But I am very much aware that habits die hard
If there is a will there is a way, I believe so.
So this is what I would like to change in my life.

210 words
visit: www.jpsukham.blogspot.com

The Net and how it works in and around us.

1.         The Internet as an information super highway carries contents that are not   equally acceptable and the same way objectionable for people who belong to diverse cultures across the world.

Look at the ins and outs of censuring the internet content nationally?

2.         The information overdrive people enjoy these days by way of the Net is an opportunity in several different ways, but there is enough room for worry too.

How good or bad is this knowledge explosion leading to information overdrive?

3.         Today ‘knowing’ of anything is becoming much easier than it was ever.

How is this seamless access to knowledge adding on to human life in general?

Ajaypeesdoc.2.10.12. www.jpsukham.blospot.com

4.         If knowledge is power, today people across the world should have been much more powerful that they were every before. But not all are so powerful as they should be.

What reasons do you attribute to this state of affairs?

What all ways can you, as an educated individual, suggest to offset this issue?

5.         There was a time when many nations took pride in their being powerful by way of natural, geographic and military attributes, but of late, it is knowledge that makes many nations powerful.

How well-founded is this view in your opinion?

How does knowledge make nations powerful? 

6.         Staying away from knowledge/s – regardless their categories - is rather difficult today, no matter how educated or not so educated one is.  

How does this knowledge influx happen?

How good or bad is it in your view?

Ajaypeesdoc.02.10.12. www.jpsukham.blospot.com

There is a view that doctors, medical scientists and diagnostic experts who are in the life saving streams of medical sector should be allowed to continue in their service as long as they are able to continue.

• How far do you agree or disagree with this view?

Should some professionals be given extension on retirement age depending on the nature of their service to the community? Though opinions differ, I for one am of the opinion that some professionals in the medical fraternity may be allowed to continue as long as they can.

My primary argument favouring this idea is that brilliant doctors and scientists, who are in the best of their service, are forced to move out of their regular career thanks to uniform retirement age limit. If these professionals are allowed to be in harness, it would be a blessing for the whole humanity. Secondly, thanks to the developments in medical science itself, people there days are healthy even in their late 60s and 70s, especially medical professionals in their life saving area. They need to be exploited for the well being of whole humanity.

However, there should be an excellent screening mechanism to ensure that only the reserving professionals stay back. This may be on the basis of how crucial their medical fields are, the seriousness of research and diagnosis they do and their health status, to mention a few. If this is not taken care of, this provision may backfire when all and sundry may manage themselves to be in service for ages. This would do more harm than good by depriving the young medical professionals of their due right to serve the community.

The above findings make me conclude that it is a good idea to support the view that life saving professionals need to remain in service even after their due retirement age. However, the parameters that govern such a system must be foolproof by all means.

270 words

Ajaypeesdoc