Which or That? Download

While both which and that can be used in other constructions, the confusion usually arises when they are being used as relative pronouns to introduce adjective (or relative) clauses. In the examples below, we have bracketed the adjective clauses. (Remember that a clause is simply a group of words containing a subject and a verb):

1. Our house [that has a red door and green shutters] needs painting.
2. Our house, [which has a red door and green shutters], needs painting.
3. The classrooms [that were painted over the summer] are bright and cheerful.
4. The classrooms, [which were painted over the summer], are bright and cheerful.

In all four cases, the adjective clause tells us something about either the house or the classrooms, but the choice of which orthat changes the way we should read each sentence.

In the first sentence, the use of that suggests that we own more than one house and therefore must explain to you that we are talking about a particular house of ours--the one with a red door and green shutters. We cannot leave out that adjective clause because it is essential to your understanding of the sentence; that is, you wouldn't know which one of our houses needs the paint job without that adjective clause.

The second sentence tells you that we own only one house and we are simply telling you--in case you want to know--that it happens to have a red door and green shutters. We could leave out the information in that adjective clause and the sentence would still make sense.

The third sentence, because it uses that to launch its adjective clause, tells us that only SOME of the classrooms were painted over the summer. If we omitted the clause "that were painted over the summer," we would be left with "The classrooms are bright and cheerful," a statement that would not be accurate since it would imply that ALL the classrooms are bright and cheerful. In this sentence, therefore, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence.

We call the adjective clauses in sentences one and threerestrictive because they restrict--or limit--the meaning of the nouns they modify. In the case of sentence three, they tell us that we are talking ONLY about the classrooms that were painted over the summer--not the others.

The which clause in the fourth sentence is what we call a nonessential--or nonrestrictive--clause. Since that sentence intends to tell us that ALL the classrooms were painted, the information in the adjective clause is not essential. The sentence would be clear even if the clause were omitted.

The rule of thumb, then, is that which clauses are nonrestrictive (nonessential) while that clauses are restrictive (essential). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off from the rest of a sentence by a pair of commas (as in our examples above) or by a single comma if they come at the end of the sentence. (Example: "I took a vacation day on my birthday, which happened to fall on a Monday this year.")

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th edition), regarded by most writers as the authority on such matters, tells us that it is now common for which to be used with either kind of clause, while that must be used only for restrictive clauses. In fact, though, careful writers continue to make the distinction we describe above. Attorneys are taught to use which for nonrestrictive clauses and that for restrictive clauses so as not to cause a misreading in legal documents. It seems just as important that we work to avoid misreadings in all writing, not only in situations when a legal ruling might be at stake.

TEST YOURSELF: Which pronoun--which or that--belongs in each blank below?

1. Carlos gave Maria a study guide for material ________ was going to be on the test.

2. Carlos gave Maria notes from chapters 3 through 7 _________ were going to be on the test.

3. Mark and Sarah took their children on every vacation _________ they took to the coast.

4. The teachers gave awards to all paintings ________ showed originality.

ANSWERS

1.Carlos gave Maria a study guide for material *that* was going to be on the test. [To say simply "Carlos gave Maria a study guide for material" would not be complete information. We need the adjective clause to tell us which material, in particular. Since the information is, therefore, essential, we use that and no comma.]

2.Carlos gave Maria notes from chapters 3 through 7, *which* were going to be on the test. [The fact that chapters 3 through 7 were going to be on the test is not essential to our understanding exactly which notes Carlos gave Maria, so we use a comma andwhich.]

3.Mark and Sarah took their children on every vacation *that* they took to the coast. [If we said simply "Mark and Sarah took their children on every vacation," we would be inaccurate. The information in the adjective clause is essential to our understanding that the children went on certain vacations and not others. Therefore, we use that and no comma.]

4.The teachers gave awards to all paintings that showed originality. [To say simply "The teachers gave awards to all paintings" would be inaccurate. The information in the adjective clause is, therefore, essential to the meaning of the sentence, so we use that and no comma.]

Copyright 2000 and 2003 Get It Write

Though rural-urban migration has been on for ages, of late, both migrants and their hosts are found to be facing severe problems. What are those problems?

Looking for greener pastures is human instinct, and it makes rural people move out to urban landscapes. This has been a practice for ages, and now both the migrants and their urban hosts happen to undergo certain problems.

For the migrants, the most pressing problem is the space constraints. Since they are used to larger areas, great green covers, calm and clean surroundings, the urban life is extremely hostile for them. Confined living spaces and unfriendly surroundings  exemplify it. This stress is further compounded by the exponential difference in the cost of living. For example, supporting a life in any urban landscape is a much more demanding job than it is in a rural locale where expenses on essentials are not much high either. Finally, the fast, furious and unconcerned life of the urban landscape is putting the rural folk in great troubles.  

When it comes to their hosts, there is a different set of headaches. The primary thing is they are increasingly losing their peace in the sense that they happen to find great many strangers around them. For example, the presence of alien people might raise their mercury of insecurity, especially for the oldies and small children. Coupled with this is the constant defacing of urban landscapes. Slums, makeshift dwellings and their littered premises are eyesores for any urbanite. The pressure on essential supplies is yet another nag. Water, power, cooking gas, sanitation services and the like are getting scarce for all.

In short, since migration is the order of the day, both the parties cannot ignore the fact that they are benefitted each other in countless others ways. These benefits come at a cost, in the form or problems. They are expected to learn to live with them.

280 words

28.2.15 4 30 am

Four task one answers from the uk

Answer one

The bar graph provides statistical data comparing how four countries [Belgium, Spain, Austria, and Britain] distributed their money on consumer goods in the year 2012.

It is evident from the graph that, among the four countries, Britain spends more on consumer goods.

It is clear from the graph that, there were significant similarities and differences in the spending habits of four countries. Belgium had spent same amount of money on consumer goods except in outdoor game accessories. It was around five thousand pounds difference higher.

Camera was the most demanded product in Austria and Britain, because they spend more money on that. In terms of shopping habits Britain spent more money on camera, around 170 thousand pounds. It was almost double as compared to Belgium. Interestingly, both Austria and Spain had witnessed similar trend in purchasing toys. Surprisingly, cosmetics and outdoor game accessories were more popular in Spain as compared to Belgium and Austria.

Overall, it is apparent that Britain spent more money on camera and least on console games. 

Answer two

The  pie charts give information about expenditure of people in the UK, between 1971 and 2001.Food and cars were the two biggest items of the expenditure  during the both years. Together they spared over half of the total expences.

     Food was accounted for 44% spending in 1971, but this went down significantly to 14% in 2001.On the other hand, the cost on cars doubled, rising  from 22% in 1971 to 43% in 2001.

    Outlay on restaurants doubled, which rose from 7% to 14%. The amount of money spent on operating computers increased dramatically from 2% in 1971 to 12 % in 2001. However, the percentage of outlay on books reduced from 6% to 1%. The British people spent approximately the same amount on petrol and furniture during both the years.

    To conclude, increased amounts spent on cars, computers and restaurants were made up by fall in expenditure on food and books.

Answer three

The bar graph provides statistical data comparing the sales pattern of four reading books over a period of ten years.

It is evident from the graph that books relating to history, sold more as compared to other books.

It is clear from the graph that  there were significant similarities and differences in the sales of books. In 2002, around 5000 copies of history books were sold. With 1700 copies, art books held the second place. Entertainment books reported  sales of 1500 copies, standing third.

Surprisingly, throughout this period, only a few hobby books were sold out. The sales of history books increased dramatically and reached up to its peak in the year 2008, whereas the sales figure was almost twice as compared to 2002 figure. However, this figure decreased slightly in the following years, but remained the highest position. Interestingly, entertainment and art books were showed a similar trend throughout the period except in the years 2010 and 2012, where art books had higher sales figure.

Overall, it is obvious from the graph that, during this period, sales of all books were rising significantly except in the case of hobby books.

Answer four

The diagram illustrates various steps on how apple is processed in  commercial scale.

    It is clear from the visual that, the hand-picked apples are transported to the washing are by large trucks. After a thorough wash, the apples undergo a quality check. Apples of good quality are then stored in cold storage until each of them go through weighing process. The peeled and sliced apples are then moved for   canning and then to sealing ( what )  area.

      Later, the sealed bottles get dispatched for sterilization procedure. That is made possible with the help of large sterilizer pot, which can accommodate many numbers of bottles at a time. Then  the labelled containers are sent to storehouse for safe custody. From the store room, they get dispatched to different outlets as per the demand or order.

         To conclude, before reaching the customer, apple has to go through various steps in order to maintain its high quality.

Task II

In some countries, school leaving students are encouraged to take up military training for certain period of time. Some say that it is a great idea, but there are many who do not share this view.

·        How advantageous is this practice in your view?

·        What makes some people oppose this practice?

A break between school life and higher education for something other than studies is a common practice in some countries. Promoting children to take up military training is advantageous in many counts. However, there people who oppose this idea with their own arguments.

Instilling a sense of patriotism in the younger minds of a nation is not a small thing in any way. That is the most beautiful aspect of military training for school-leaving children. This is a great idea in the sense that children in their younger age, will be able to realize the need for defense. This is followed by what I call, “catch them young”. That is, this will offer chances for the government to find out right military personnel from the very young age itself, as many children may decide to join the army. Above all, in terms of health, discipline military training after school would great service to children, their immediate family and their nation.

All these upsides notwithstanding, there are people unhappy with this idea. They might argue that school-leaving children are too immature to take up military training, and they may take immature decision on their career looking at the adventure in defense. Another argument against this idea could be that all children may not be able to participate in it. Girls may not get to the track for many reasons. Obviously, at the end of the day, there would be great disparity among boys and girls in terms of their exposure to military training, the opponents may claim further.

In short, the advantages of this idea are very strong and, if carried out with great care, it would help children, their family and nation greatly. Like any new concept, there would be people worried about the negative impacts. Here also, there are arguments against it. Their concerns are manageable, I believe. 

280 words. 25.2.15

The falling trust on the Internet

The trust quotient people have over the Internet is falling, and there are different causes in different regions.
How does it happen in your place?
How can the world bring the Internet back to the goods books of the people? 

Plain packaging for tobacco to reduce consumption

Some people argue that, in order to discourage tobacco consumption, tobacco products should be allowed only in plain packaging. But there are people who are of the view that a kind of packaging is not going to make any difference in tobacco use.

·         Discuss both the views and say what you feel of plain packaging for tobacco.

Tobacco, the Titan of killer substances, is taken for task in many ways. For some people, plain packaging will curtail its consumption, but for others such a move is not going to make any change. The substance of these views may be brought out through a discussion.

It is a fact that great many youngsters are attracted to tobacco products thanks to their attractive packaging. Naturally, if these substances are packed plain packages, the lure of it can be reduced to an extent leading to fall in consumption. Besides this, there is another possibility that people who carry plain packages of tobacco may not able to show off their ego by showing the type of stuff they are able to use. For example, many people take pride in the brand, price tag and origin of the tobacco product they may flaunt. All these possibilities notwithstanding, plain packaging has its own limitations in countless ways.

On the other hand, there is some substance in the view that plain packaging is not going to make fall in consumption. The thing is tobacco consumption is an addiction and the addicted will use tobacco variants no matter how they are packed. Apart from this, it would not be effective in the long run because users will get used to the type of products they use, and the shopkeepers will have their own ways to attract smokers. Obviously, the consumption graph of tobacco may stay as it is. Anyway, sometimes, a few youngsters may abstain from tobacco products.

Discussing both the views and concluding the discussion, what I feel is that it is not the kind of packaging that makes the difference in consumption, rather how people are sensitized towards the hazards to tobacco products. To me, plain packing is a shoddy idea.  

Existing talent to offset talent shortage:

Some people feel that, in order to offset the talent shortage felt in key areas like finance, medicine, law, administration and the like, the existing talent found among those who hold high positions in such areas may be exploited by allowing them to be in service as long as they are able to.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

Plain packaging for tobacco. differing views: task II

Some people argue that, in order to discourage tobacco consumption, tobacco products should be allowed only in plain packaging. But there are people who are of the view that a kind of packaging is not going to make any difference in tobacco use.

·         Discuss both the views and say what you feel of plain packaging for tobacco. 

Model answer pictogram by Josekutty Ireland

Very well balanced work, with enough English stuff to make a seven for sure.

The pictograph gives an overview of two possible sites for a proposed super market in Garlsdon town with a population of 65,000.

Broadly speaking, the site one has access to both road and railways and is located outside the town whereas the site two is in the city centre within the no traffic zone.

Site one is situated in the north-west side of Garlsdon and close to Hindon-12 km away .Also, people from other two places -Bransdon, Cransdon-would access this site by railways and main roads.

On the other hand, the site two is proposed in the town centre, particularly in no traffic zone. Noticeably, people from Hindon and Cransdon would come to this site through railways only. But, the second proposed site is close to housing.

To conclude, even though the site one has the advantages like good location close to housing, city centre and access to railways, it  would be better to choose the site one, because of both types of commuter ways as well as space for vehicle parking are there.

The conclusion does not need to be this long, though.

Full test question: military training for school children

The table breaks down the differences in automobile density recorded in five Asian countries for the year 2005. Write a report for a university lecturer. Use comparison wherever necessary.

	Two wheelers	Four wheelers	Low end four Wheelers	High end Four Wheelers
India	34	62	21	60
China	33	30	11	44
Bangladesh	11	26	09	27
Sri Lanka	22	33	45	23
Pakistan	19	37	55	28

·         Data: Automobiles per hundred families

Ajaypeesdoc.18.2.15

Task II

In some countries, school leaving students are encouraged to take up military training for certain period of time. Some say that it is a great idea, but there are many who do not share this view.

·        How advantageous is this practice in your view?

·        What makes some people oppose this practice?

Hard publishing is hit hard. Task II

Many publishing firms are going digital, and hard publishing of magazines, newspapers and the like are facing closure. However, this closure threat is much more visible in the developed parts of the world than in the developing world.

Why is this disparity?

Do you think hard publishing is safer in the developing world?  

Land degradation essay solved. an 8 plus essay

Land degradation is becoming an alarming issue across the world, and there are different causes in different geographies.

·         How is this issue getting reflected in your place?

·         What ways can you suggest to offset this issue?

Land degradation has always been there and, now, it is much greater in its extent the world over and, obviously, my place also is found to be experiencing the ripples of it rather visibly. Anyway, there are measures to tackle this issue. 40 words.

Land degradation is very much rampant in my place where great extents of farmland are getting deteriorated in several different ways. First of all, my land is primarily agrarian and there are large and small scale farmers who rather commonly apply hazardous chemicals and fertilizers to boost production. Besides, this India is more a consuming country than a manufacturing country. Naturally, too much consumption and under-utilization are very much prevalent in all parts of the State. As a result, used materials- ranging from electronic wastes to non-degradable plastics- are found to be making a carpet of contamination over larger stretches of land, especially in urban and semi-urban landscapes. These lands are degraded far beyond repair.

This sorry state of affairs could be offset in many ways. The first suggestion my side is that people should go proactive in their approach to the land they happen to live in. for example, we all much realize the fact that land loss is like habitat loss. The second recommendation is to make farmers fall back on soil-friendly technologies to boost production. For example, biomass and green fodders could be used for domestic food production and natural pesticides could do great favours too. Above all, following the Three Rs – Reduce, Recycle and Reuse - could go a long way in this direction. Landfill by way of used material could be avoided this way.

In short, land degradation is a global repercussion of human action, and the same is seen in my place as well, of course in a different degree. But the recommendations are of great use for any geography that is suffering from land degradation. 

Task one and two solved papers

All development exercises, not matter what, are likely to harm the Planet in one way or the other. Therefore, man must learn to live with the existing facilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this?

It is a fact that most of the developments in these days have negative effect on the phase of the Planet. So people should adapt and accept these facts. I totally disagree with this view. In my opinion, people should be wise enough to protect their planet.

These days no one can deny the fact that new developments in every field are necessary for the existence of the planet through which new research can be carried out in different fields and implement new ideas to safeguard the Planet. For example, many developments in the field of science facilitate early detection and prognosis of many diseases. This would definitely improve the quality of life and its structure. As a result, people can lead healthy and happy lifestyle.

On the other hand, some people argue that it can affect the planet by causing pollution and damage to the ecosystem. However, along with developmental exercises and research, the agencies concerned must make necessary provisions in safeguarding the planet and other ill effecting factors.

Nowadays, people are well planned and fully aware about the impacts of developments. So, they try to implement eco-friendly and safe methods in order to protect the planet rather than adapting existing life.

From the above mentioned points, it can be concluded that, although many developments hinder the existence of the Planet, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. People should accept this fact and welcome new developments.

Graph on waste and countries

The table provides statistical data comparing how much waste is produced in six different countries over a period of three decades.

It is evident from the graph that the USA produced more waste as compared to other countries, while Ireland and Portugal were the least producers.

It is clear from the graph that, among the six countries, US produced more waste over a period of twenty years. This figure increased dramatically by 2000, where it represents 192 millions of tons of waste. Japan also reported a similar trend. However, their 2000 figure was almost double as compared to 1980s figure [28]. Interestingly, Portugal and Poland were producing similar amount of wastes.

Surprisingly, there was no waste production reported in Korea in the year 1980 and Ireland in the year 1990. By 2000, waste production in Ireland went up and reported at 5 million tons. However, Korea was the only country whose waste production declined throughout the periods.

Overall, it is obvious from the graph that in the year 2000, the US and Japan were the highest contributors in terms of waste. The total waste generated by the US was more that the quantity generated by all the other countries.

Two taxing regimes: consumption and income tax.

In some rich countries, consumption tax is much higher than income tax. Some say this is a great idea as the rich and poor are basically consumers. But others say, what the poor consume should not be taxed.

How do you approach these two taxing systems?  

Saturation point in pollution, no development

Since the Planet Earth has seen a saturation point in terms of pollution, there is no further scope for any development as any such new move will be worsening the Planet.

To what extent do you agree with this view? 

Environmental far cries, and the new generation

Environmental alarms being heard from around the world are but a far cry, and the new generation is not in a position to keep the environment free from any further contamination. 

To what extent do you share this opinion?

The world has come a long way listening to the far cries on eco-concerns. Anyway, observing how the new generation takes the world they are living in, it is fair to believe that they are nowhere near pro-planet mindset. There are a few sporadic proactive measures in this direction though.

The youngsters these days are so engrossed in their times, and they seem to be hardly worried of these environmental far cries. It is not that they have no idea about this; rather they are very much conscious, but their priorities are different – education, career, ambition, enjoyment, wealth and material prosperity, to mention a few- and, for many, environmental health is like, ‘everybody’s business is nobody’s business’.

For example, the world is concerned, they may say, the country is concerned and so are the environmental organizations. Then, why should they be worried about it? They do not need to. There is even a refrain among the young that individually they are not able to make any difference and the environment is not going to be any and the damage is done.

However, here and there, small fraternities and guilds, especially at school, colleges and corporate businesses, where pro-active youngsters, are found to be doing their share not to make the Planet suffer any further. For example, great many schools in my country are engaged in different eco-conservation activities. But it is not enough.

In short, the frequency of environmental alarms heard and the extent of pro-planet actions being taken by youngsters indicate that the latter are not inclined to save the Planet; rather they are out taking their life to the fullest. The self-driven ones found here and there deserve appreciation though.

280 words

Ajaypeesdoc. 13.02.15

Anxious and conscious of health

The free access to medical information through various media platforms is able to make the general public much more anxious of their health than conscious.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 

Line graph on difference consumption of fish and meat

The line graph compares weekly intake of fish and other types of meat in a European country and the findings are in grams. The most significant feature is that consumption chicken rose dramatically whereas, fish and different kinds of meat consumption declined in those twenty five years.

It can be clearly seen that the amount of chicken eaten in 1979 was only 145 grams, and then, its rate escalated dramatically throughout the years, and reached its all times high quantity of about 250 grams in 2004. However, 225 grams of beef was consumed in 1979, and it declined in the following years. Finally it came to as low as 125 grams in 2004; a clean reduction by 50%.

Meanwhile, people were eaten ( people were eaten means someone ate people) Meanwhile people took  150 grams of lamb per week in 1979, but the quantity dropped dramatically and touched 75 grams in 2004; again it was a fall by 50%.

Interestingly, people consumed only a little (not fewer) amount of fish in 1979; 52 grams. But with a slight decline in between, its figure turned stead over those periods.

Obviously, it is evident from the graph that the European people used larger amount of chicken than other meat items those years. ( not larger compared 

A model task one answer from Ms. Telshi Ireland

The bar chart gives information about total number of England call minutes by various categories of telephones mentioned in billions between 1995 and 2002.

The most significant feature is that the use of mobile phones and national, international fixed lines rose whereas, local line call rates declined during those eight years.

It can be clearly seen that, in 1995, the total number of call minutes by mobile phone was only two billion, and then, its figure dramatically increased throughout the years and reached its all time high level of about 45 billion in 2002. Meanwhile, fixed line call rate was nearly 38 million minutes in 1995. Then, the figure gradually escalated to approximately 61b.  in 2002.

However, there was 42 billion minutes call by local line in 1992, and it went up to 90 b. in 1999, more than two-fold rise. Subsequent to this, there was a steady decline throughout the years and, finally, it was 72 b. 2000, an increase by 75%.

It is evident that UK people had more interest in cell phones and international and national fixed lines than local line. 

Waiting for dream job and jumping into any job.

Task II

Some people, after completing their higher education, wait for ages for their dream job to come by; while others jump into any job that come their way right after their higher education. 

Look at the advantages of both the options, and say which one you find more worthwhile. 

The 12 commandments of Task one

Task one: The 12 Commandments

1.    Never jump into writing. You do not need more that 12 minutes to write 150 words. The remaining time is for you to manage the task, including editing.

2.    Never try to touch all the entries, rises, falls and fluctuations. Highlight what is relevant and simply ignore what is not. Examiners never look for the missing data, but for missing English.

3.    Never believe that every graph or chart or table has a set answer; rather 100 candidates will write 100 different answers; they are right as well.

4.    Never be under the impression that your writing tool is just for writing answers. Use it for marking, noting, drawing and jotting down information, type of vocabulary and the like.

5.    Never write in huge paragraph as if the whole chart is a single stuff. Try to have meaningful paragraphs and an ineffectual conclusion: at least mention; that is the end of the report.

6.    Never fail to make comparisons when asked: if there is no such demand, it is better to have comparisons. Similarity, contrast, degrees, complexities and the like are able to give you comparative language.

7.    Never write wrong spelling of the words taken from the graph: always observe typography, like big letters and small letters. Currencies, countries days and months.

8.    Never repeat usages, trend words or mix tenses while touching date. You may write present tense while introducing a new data or a point.

9.    Never write all the answers or process chart in active voice: Passive voice will save you a lot of space and time, and help you avoid mistakes.

10.  Never miss out the major components of the graph and the scale in the introduction. Scale like percentage, quality, degree, currencies, amounts and the like.

11.  Never fail to switch between past and present tenses, when comparing two points of time while writing maps and locations,   if the second period is present; and use past and past perfect or continuous when both the periods are past.

12.  Never try to include anything from your hand; there is everything and you do not need to invent anything. Write a report, summarize, and write for university lecture and the like have different tones and texts. 

Making and breaking relationships easier Why:

Establishing relationships has never been easy as it is these days, and so is the case with breaking up the existing relationships. 

Why is this so? Do you think lasting relations have no relevance these days?

All relationships are for relying on, and winning relationships and maintaining them have under greater changes over time and, now, it is easier to have one and not that difficult to stop a current one. This condition is not without reasons, and, in my view, lasting relationships have ever-lasting value. 50 words

The basic things that make a person go for a relationship are the elements of reliability, kindred spirit and being able to touch one’s life. How do we know that a person has got these ingredients? There are ways. Today, knowing is much easier. This is the primary reason for easier relationships. For example, people are connected 24x7, extensively traveling and, above all, most of them have their own electronic spaces on the Net where they stand revealed for others to know them.

The same way, Online Friends Circles, fraternities, blogs and Face book pages are there to know who and what a person actually was, is and will be. In the same vein, it is hard to hide something from others too. Naturally, when people realize unpleasant things of their relations- for instance, gossip, bad company or habits, poor reliability and the like- people simply call it a day and go for fresher relations that are out there day in and day out.  

All these do not mean that people can do without lasting relations. I have mentioned in the introduction itself, all human relationships are for relying on each other. In that respect, today, people are living in great unpredictability thanks to the spinning nature of things and they have no idea when and how and who would be in need of someone’s help. Only genuine relationships come to their rescue at testing times. Are lasting relations a must. Yes, they are.

The conclusion is, in the days to come people may go for still easier relationships and they might break them much faster too. However, the value of lasting relationships will never get diminished.  290 words

Ajaypeesdoc. 8.2.15

12 commandments of task ii writing

IELTS Task II writing:

Twelve Commandments

Jaypees.

1.    Never be so confident of your impression that your handwriting is reader for all those who read English. You do not need to write print-like but need to make the reader comfortable by writing it to be read freely.

2.    Never ever follow textbooks and the texts written by someone who, you think, has got much greater English than what you have got. Develop your English.

3.    Never go away from the question till you complete the answer. Come back to the question as you go on completing every paragraph or a major idea/point etc. Read your introduction and the question before you attempt a conclusion.

4.    Never be under the impression that the examiners have their views and you may contradict them if you write this or that way. Examiners look at THE ENGLISH.

5.    Never believe that it is your knowledge that is getting tested. But your knowledge is employed to evaluate your English. You can prove your writing skill otherwise.  

6.    Never ever feel that some high-sounding words will impress the examiner. Every word has a place and every place has a word. It is the right word that matters. And enough number of words: write in a few words more than 250. Not less.

7.    Never ever parade points; rather prove a point with a few examples or arguments. Take examples from India if you are writing the test in India. A point or two with a couple of examples are enough to showcase your skill.

8.    Never jump into writing. Read the question minimum five times to reduce the question into a handful of words, and these words will help write an introduction. Decide the type of English, the type of language, the question calls for. You cannot follow an English for all question types. One answer never solves two questions.

9.    Never ever repeat same construction, phrase, vocabulary, idiom and usage. Every sentence is an opportunity to prove your variety in English writing skill. Be different. Those who follow same English would same score and different English will get you a different score.

10. Never ever try to write too long paragraphs or sentences. Unless you are good a punctuation, this attempt would do more harm than good. So is the case with spelling and cutting t’s and dotting I’s. Niceties are never to be missed out.

11. Never ever take the given time for granted; rather manage it wisely as to get minimum three minutes to read the text. You will be able to identify no less than 5 mistakes, and returning a paper without doing it is the most disappoint thing.

12.  Never forget; the examiner spends hardly ten minutes to go through your paper, and this short time is so decisive that all your month-long efforts have to be showcased in good English. www.jpsukham.blogspot.com